Murray Gell-Mann
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 Murray Gell-Mann facts

• He is the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, a Distinguished Fellow and co-founder of the Santa Fe Institute, Professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of New Mexico, and the Presidential Professor of Physics and Medicine at the University of Southern California
• Gell-Mann has spent several periods at CERN, among others as a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow in 1972
• He introduced, independently of George Zweig, the quark—constituents of all hadrons—having first identified the SU(3) flavor symmetry of hadrons
• This symmetry is now understood to underlie the light quarks, extending isospin to include strangeness, a quantum number which he also discovered
• He developed the V−A theory of the weak interaction in collaboration with Richard Feynman
• In the 1960s, he introduced current algebra as a method of systematically exploiting symmetries to extract predictions from quark models, in the absence of reliable dynamical theory
• This method led to model-independent sum rules confirmed by experiment and provided starting points underpinning the development of the standard theory of elementary particles
• Gell-Mann, along with Maurice Lévy, developed the sigma model of pions, which describes low-energy pion interactions
• Modifying the integer-charged quark model of Moo-Young Han and Yoichiro Nambu, Harald Fritzsch and Gell-Mann were the first to write down the modern accepted theory of quantum chromodynamics, although they did not anticipate asymptotic freedom
• In 1969 he received the Nobel Prize in physics for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions