Charles de Gaulle
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 Charles de Gaulle facts

• He was the leader of Free France (1940–44) and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–46)
• In 1958, he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the 18th President of France, a position he held until his resignation in 1969
• He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics
• Born in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912
• He was a decorated officer of the First World War, wounded several times and later taken prisoner at Verdun, after which he made several failed escape attempts
• During the interwar period, he advocated mobile armoured divisions
• During the German invasion of May 1940, he led the 4th Armoured Division which counterattacked the invading German army, before being appointed to the French Government as Under-Secretary for War
• Refusing to accept his government's armistice with Nazi Germany, de Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to continue the fight against Axis powers in his Appeal of 18 June
• He led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis
• Despite frosty relations with Britain and especially the United States, he emerged as the undisputed leader of the French resistance