He served as head of government of the Russian Republic from 1917 to 1918, of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924
Under his administration, Russia and then the wider Soviet Union became a one-party communist state governed by the Russian Communist Party
Ideologically a Marxist, he developed political theories known as Leninism
Born to a wealthy middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's execution in 1887
Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Russian Empire's Tsarist regime, he devoted the following years to a law degree
He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior figure in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
In 1897, he was arrested for sedition and exiled to Shushenskoye for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya
After his exile, he moved to Western Europe, where he became a prominent party theorist through his publications
In 1903, he took a key role in a RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against Julius Martov's Mensheviks
Encouraging insurrection during Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he later campaigned for the First World War to be transformed into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution, which as a Marxist he believed would cause the overthrow of capitalism and its replacement with socialism
After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia to play a leading role in the October Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime
Lenin's government was led by the Bolsheviks—now renamed the Communist Party—with some powers initially also held by elected soviets
The new government called elections for the Constituent Assembly and then abolished it, withdrew from the First World War by signing a treaty with the Central Powers, and granted independence to non-Russian nations under Russian control
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Quotes
The goal of socialism is communism.
Fascism is capitalism in decay.
A lie told often enough becomes the truth.
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Last update: 16 September 2017We do our best for being accurate. If something seems incorrect, please contact us!