Realm
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 Realm facts

• The Old French word reaume, modern French royaume, was the word first adopted in English; the fixed modern spelling does not appear until the beginning of the 17th century
• The word supposedly derives from medieval Latin regalimen, from regalis, of or belonging to a rex (king)
• The word rex itself is derived from the Latin verb regere, which means "to rule"
• Thus the literally meaning of the word realm is the territory of a ruler, traditionally a monarch (emperor, king, grand duke, prince, etc
• )
• "Realm" is particularly used for those states whose name includes the word kingdom (for example, the United Kingdom), as elegant variation, to avoid clumsy repetition of the word in a sentence (for example, "The Queen's realm, the United Kingdom
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• It is also useful to describe those countries whose monarchs are called something other than "king" or "queen"; for example, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a realm but not a kingdom, since its monarch holds the title Grand Duke rather than King