Malcolm X
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 Malcolm X facts

• To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans; detractors accused him of preaching racism and violence
• He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history
• Malcolm X was effectively orphaned early in life
• His father was killed when he was six and his mother was placed in a mental hospital when he was thirteen, after which he lived in a series of foster homes
• In 1946, at age 20, he went to prison for larceny and breaking and entering
• While in prison, Malcolm X became a member of the Nation of Islam, and after his parole in 1952, quickly rose to become one of the organization's most influential leaders
• He served as the public face of the controversial group for a dozen years
• In his autobiography, Malcolm X wrote proudly of some of the social achievements the Nation made while he was a member, particularly its free drug rehabilitation program
• The Nation promoted black supremacy, advocated the separation of black and white Americans, and rejected the civil rights movement for its emphasis on integration
• By March 1964, Malcolm X had grown disillusioned with the Nation of Islam and its leader Elijah Muhammad