Jefferson Davis was an American politician who was a US Representative and Senator from Mississippi, the 23rd US Secretary of War, and the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War
He took personal charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to defeat the more populous and industrialized Union
His diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition from any foreign country, and at home, the collapsing Confederate economy forced his government to print more and more paper money to cover the war's expenses, leading to runaway inflation and devaluation of the Confederate dollar
Davis was born in Kentucky to a moderately prosperous farmer, and grew up on his older brother Joseph's large cotton plantations in Mississippi and Louisiana
Joseph Davis also secured his appointment to the US Military Academy at West Point
After graduating, Jefferson Davis served six years as a lieutenant in the US Army
He fought in the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), as the colonel of a volunteer regiment
He served as the US Secretary of War from 1853 to 1857 under President Franklin Pierce, and as a Democratic US senator from Mississippi
Before the war, he operated a large cotton plantation in Mississippi and owned more than 100 slaves
After the war had ended, he remained a proud apologist for the cause of slavery for which he and the Confederacy had fought
Although Davis argued against secession in 1858, he believed that each state was sovereign and had an unquestionable right to secede from the Union
Davis's first wife, Sarah Knox Taylor, died of malaria after three months of marriage, and he also struggled with recurring bouts of the disease
He was unhealthy for much of his life
At the age of 36 Davis married again, to 18-year-old Varina Howell, a native of Natchez who had been educated in Philadelphia and had some family ties in the North
They had six children
Only two survived him, and only one married and had children
Many historians attribute the Confederacy's weaknesses to the poor leadership of President Davis
His preoccupation with detail, reluctance to delegate responsibility, lack of popular appeal, feuds with powerful state governors and generals, favoritism toward old friends, inability to get along with people who disagreed with him, neglect of civil matters in favor of military ones, and resistance to public opinion all worked against him
Historians agree he was a much less effective war leader than his Union counterpart Abraham Lincoln
After Davis was captured in 1865, he was accused of treason
He was never tried and was released after two years
While not disgraced, Davis had been displaced in ex-Confederate affection after the war by his leading general, Robert E. Lee
Davis wrote a memoir entitled The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, which he completed in 1881
By the late 1880s, he began to encourage reconciliation, telling Southerners to be loyal to the Union
Ex-Confederates came to appreciate his role in the war, seeing him as a Southern patriot, and he became a hero of the Lost Cause in the post-Reconstruction South
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