Jacques Chirac
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 Jacques Chirac facts

• ʁak]; 29 November 1932) is a French politician, who served as the President of France from 1995 to 2007
• Chirac served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976, from 1986 to 1988, and as the Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995
• After completing his degree at the Institut d'études politiques de Paris (Sciences Po), a term at Harvard University, and the École nationale d'administration (ENA), Chirac began his career as a high-level civil servant, and soon entered politics
• Chirac occupied various senior positions, including Minister of Agriculture, Minister of the Interior, Prime Minister, Mayor of Paris, and President of the French Republic
• Chirac's internal policies initially included lower tax rates, the removal of price controls, strong punishment for crime and terrorism, and business privatisation
• After pursuing these policies as Prime Minister (1986–1988), Chirac changed his method
• He argued for more socially responsible economic policies, and was elected in 1995 after campaigning on a platform of healing the "social rift" (fracture sociale)
• Then, Chirac's economic policies, based on dirigisme, state-directed ideals, stood in opposition to the laissez-faire policies of the United Kingdom, which Chirac famously described as "Anglo-Saxon ultraliberalism"
• In evaluating Chirac's presidency a decade later, the British magazine The Economist stated:nIn his term, unemployment averaged 10 percent, debt mounted, the French said no to Europe, and the suburban banlieues rioted
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