Deng Xiaoping
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 Deng Xiaoping facts

• He was the paramount leader of China from 1978 until his retirement in 1989
• After Chairman Mao Zedong's death, Deng led his country through far-reaching market-economy reforms
• While Deng never held office as the head of state, head of government or General Secretary (that is, the leader of the Communist Party), he nonetheless was considered the "paramount leader" of the People's Republic of China from December 1978 to November 1989
• As the core of the second-generation leaders of Communist Party of China, Deng shared his power with several powerful older politicians commonly known as the Eight Elders
• Born into a peasant background in Guang'an, Sichuan province, Deng studied and worked in France in the 1920s, where he was influenced by Marxism-Leninism
• He joined the Communist Party of China in 1923
• Upon his return to China he worked as a political commissar for the military in rural regions and was considered a "revolutionary veteran" of the Long March
• Following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Deng worked in Tibet and other southwestern regions to consolidate Communist control
• Deng was a major supporter of Mao Zedong in the early 1950s
• As the party's Secretary General, Deng became instrumental in China's economic reconstruction following the Great Leap Forward in the early 1960s