Booker T. Washington
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 Booker T. Washington facts

• Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community
• Washington was from the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery and became the leading voice of the former slaves and their descendants
• They were newly oppressed in the South by disenfranchisement and the Jim Crow discriminatory laws enacted in the post-Reconstruction Southern states in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
• His base was the Tuskegee Institute, a historically black college in Alabama
• As lynchings in the South reached a peak in 1895, Washington gave a speech, known as the "Atlanta compromise," which brought him national fame
• He called for black progress through education and entrepreneurship, rather than trying to challenge directly the Jim Crow segregation and the disenfranchisement of black voters in the South
• Washington mobilized a nationwide coalition of middle-class blacks, church leaders, and white philanthropists and politicians, with a long-term goal of building the community's economic strength and pride by a focus on self-help and schooling
• But, secretly, he also supported court challenges to segregation and passed on funds raised for this purpose
• Black militants in the North, led by W
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