Statistics
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 Statistics facts

• In applying statistics to, e
• g
• , a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model process to be studied
• Populations can be diverse topics such as "all people living in a country" or "every atom composing a crystal"
• Statistics deals with all aspects of data including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments
• Some popular definitions are:nMerriam-Webster dictionary defines statistics as "classified facts representing the conditions of a people in a state – especially the facts that can be stated in numbers or any other tabular or classified arrangement"
• Statistician Sir Arthur Lyon Bowley defines statistics as "Numerical statements of facts in any department of inquiry placed in relation to each other"
• When census data cannot be collected, statisticians collect data by developing specific experiment designs and survey samples
• Representative sampling assures that inferences and conclusions can safely extend from the sample to the population as a whole
• An experimental study involves taking measurements of the system under study, manipulating the system, and then taking additional measurements using the same procedure to determine if the manipulation has modified the values of the measurements