Pierre Boulez
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 Pierre Boulez facts

• lɛːz]; 26 March 1925 – 5 January 2016) was a French composer, conductor, writer and organiser of institutions
• He was one of the dominant figures of the post-war classical music world
• Born in Montbrison in the Loire district of France, the son of an engineer, Boulez studied at the Paris Conservatoire with Olivier Messiaen, and privately with Andrée Vaurabourg and René Leibowitz
• He began his professional career in the late 1940s as Music Director of the Renaud-Barrault theatre company in Paris
• As a young composer in the 1950s he quickly became a leading figure in the musical avant-garde, playing an important role in the development of integral serialism and controlled chance music
• From the 1970s onwards he pioneered the electronic transformation of instrumental music in real time
• His tendency to revise earlier compositions meant that his body of completed works was relatively small, but it included pieces regarded by many as landmarks of twentieth-century music, such as Le marteau sans maître, Pli selon pli and Répons
• His commitment to the modernist project and the trenchant, polemical tone in which he expressed his views on music led some to criticise him as a dogmatist, a reputation which softened in later years
• In parallel with his activities as a composer Boulez became one of the most prominent conductors of his generation
• In a career lasting more than sixty years he held the positions of Chief Conductor of the New York Philharmonic and the BBC Symphony Orchestra, Music Director of the Ensemble Intercontemporain and Principal Guest Conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Cleveland Orchestra